stimulus generalization

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Definition

Noun (Psychology): The process by which a learned response to a specific stimulus is also elicited by other, similar stimuli that were not part of the original learning experience. It involves the broadening of a conditioned response from the original conditioned stimulus to new, analogous stimuli.

Usage

This term is used in psychology, particularly in behavioral learning theory, to describe a fundamental learning phenomenon. * The child's fear of the white rat showed stimulus generalization, as he also became afraid of other white, furry objects like a Santa Claus beard. * In the experiment, the dog salivated not only to the original tone but also to similar tones, demonstrating clear stimulus generalization.

Advanced Usage
  • Gradient of Generalization: Refers to the observation that the strength of the generalized response typically decreases as the new stimulus becomes less similar to the original conditioned stimulus.
  • Semantic Generalization: A specific type where the generalized response is triggered by a word or concept semantically related to the original stimulus, rather than just a physically similar one.
Variants and Related Words
  • Generalization (n.): The broader, more general concept of applying a learned rule or conclusion to new instances. "Stimulus generalization" is a specific subtype of this.
  • Stimulus Discrimination (n.): The opposite process, where an organism learns to respond differently to stimuli that are distinct from the original conditioned stimulus.
Synonyms
  • Response Generalization (Note: This is a closely related but distinct concept where the varies, not the stimulus.)
  • Irradiation (an older, less common term in this context)
Related Concepts
  • Classical Conditioning: The learning paradigm in which stimulus generalization is most commonly studied and discussed.
  • Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response that becomes generalized.
  • Conditioned Stimulus (CS): The original stimulus to which the response was conditioned.
Noun
  1. (psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus

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